Trailblazing Health Equity: Mapping Cancer Care Challenges for American Indian and Alaskan Native Peoples

This study examines how the Indian Health Service (IHS) has influenced disparities in cancer incidence and mortality among American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) populations in the United States, with a focus on screenable cancers: female breast, colorectal, lung, and uterine cervical cancers. Using a modified systematic literature review of 15 peer-reviewed studies, the research identifies persistent barriers to prevention and screening, including chronic underfunding of the IHS, lack of access to medical specialists and diagnostic services, inadequate provider referrals, discrimination, and insufficient culturally competent education. These systemic challenges contribute to lower cancer screening prevalence and disproportionately high cancer burden within AI/AN communities. Findings underscore the need for multilevel interventions—individual, community , and institutional—that prioritize culturally competent care, expand diagnostic and specialist access, and address structural inequities in IHS funding. By integrating tribal leadership, peer educators, and community health representatives, such strategies can help rebuild trust, increase screening participation, and ultimately reduce cancer disparities among AI/AN populations.

Capstone thesis completed as part of Bachelor of Arts in Global Studies - Global Public Health Program, 2024.